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<meta name="description" content="C# 类型转换 类型转换从根本上说是类型铸造，或者说是把数据从一种类型转换为另一种类型。 C# 中的类型转换可以分为两种：隐式转换和显式转换。   隐式类型转换 隐式转换是指将一个较小范围的数据类型转换为较大范围的数据类型时，编译器会自动完成类型转换，这些转换是 C# 默认的以安全方式进行的转换, 不会导致数据丢失。 例如，从小的整数类型转换为大的整数类型，从派生类转换为基类。将一个 byte 类型的变量赋值给 int 类型的变量，编译..">
		
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			<h1>C# <span class="color_h1">类型转换</span></h1>
<p>类型转换从根本上说是类型铸造，或者说是把数据从一种类型转换为另一种类型。</p>
<p>C# 中的类型转换可以分为两种：隐式转换和显式转换。</p>


<h3>隐式类型转换</h3>
<p>隐式转换是指将一个较小范围的数据类型转换为较大范围的数据类型时，编译器会自动完成类型转换，这些转换是 C# 默认的以安全方式进行的转换, 不会导致数据丢失。</p>
<p>例如，从小的整数类型转换为大的整数类型，从派生类转换为基类。将一个 byte 类型的变量赋值给 int 类型的变量，编译器会自动将 byte 类型转换为 int 类型，不需要显示转换。</p>
<div class="example"><h2 class="example">实例</h2> <div class="example_code">
<span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">byte</span> b <span style="color: #008000;">=</span> <span style="color: Maroon;">10</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
<span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">int</span> i <span style="color: #008000;">=</span> b<span style="color: #008000;">;</span> <span style="color: #696969; font-style: italic;">// 隐式转换，不需要显示转换</span><br />
</div></div>

<h3>显式转换</h3>
<p>显式类型转换，即强制类型转换。</p>
<p>显式转换是指将一个较大范围的数据类型转换为较小范围的数据类型时，或者将一个对象类型转换为另一个对象类型时，需要使用强制类型转换符号进行显示转换，强制转换会造成数据丢失。</p><p>例如，将一个 int 类型的变量赋值给 byte 类型的变量，需要显示转换。</p>
<div class="example"><h2 class="example">实例</h2> <div class="example_code">
<span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">int</span> i <span style="color: #008000;">=</span> <span style="color: Maroon;">10</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
<span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">byte</span> b <span style="color: #008000;">=</span> <span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">byte</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span>i<span style="color: #008000;">;</span> <span style="color: #696969; font-style: italic;">// 显式转换，需要使用强制类型转换符号</span><br />
</div></div>
<p>下面的实例显示了一个显式的类型转换：</p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例</h2> 
<div class="example_code">

<span style="color: #05a; font-weight: bold;">using</span> <span style="color: #696969;">System</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #05a; font-weight: bold;">namespace</span> TypeConversionApplication<br />
<span style="color: #008000;">&#123;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">class</span> ExplicitConversion<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #008000;">&#123;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #05a; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">void</span> Main<span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">string</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#91;</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#93;</span> args<span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #008000;">&#123;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">double</span> d <span style="color: #008000;">=</span> <span style="color: Maroon;">5673.74</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">int</span> i<span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #696969; font-style: italic;">// 强制转换 double 为 int</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; i <span style="color: #008000;">=</span> <span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">int</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span>d<span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Console<span style="color: #008000;">.</span><span style="color: #05a;">WriteLine</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span>i<span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Console<span style="color: #008000;">.</span><span style="color: #05a;">ReadKey</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #008000;">&#125;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #008000;">&#125;</span><br />
<span style="color: #008000;">&#125;</span><br />

</div>
</div>
<p>当上面的代码被编译和执行时，它会产生下列结果：</p>
<pre>
5673
</pre>
</div>

<h2 class="tutheader">C# 类型转换方法</h2>
<p>C# 提供了下列内置的类型转换方法：</p>
<table class="reference notranslate">
<tr><th style="width:5%;">序号</th><th>方法 & 描述</th></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td><b>ToBoolean</b><br>如果可能的话，把类型转换为布尔型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>2</td><td><b>ToByte</b><br>把类型转换为字节类型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>3</td><td><b>ToChar</b><br>如果可能的话，把类型转换为单个 Unicode 字符类型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>4</td><td><b>ToDateTime</b><br>把类型（整数或字符串类型）转换为 日期-时间 结构。</td></tr>
<tr><td>5</td><td><b>ToDecimal</b><br>把浮点型或整数类型转换为十进制类型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>6</td><td><b>ToDouble</b><br>把类型转换为双精度浮点型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>7</td><td><b>ToInt16</b><br>把类型转换为 16 位整数类型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>8</td><td><b>ToInt32</b><br>把类型转换为 32 位整数类型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>9</td><td><b>ToInt64</b><br>把类型转换为 64 位整数类型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td><b>ToSbyte</b><br>把类型转换为有符号字节类型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>11</td><td><b>ToSingle</b><br>把类型转换为小浮点数类型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>12</td><td><b>ToString</b><br>把类型转换为字符串类型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>13</td><td><b>ToType</b><br>把类型转换为指定类型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>14</td><td><b>ToUInt16</b><br>把类型转换为 16 位无符号整数类型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>15</td><td><b>ToUInt32</b><br>把类型转换为 32 位无符号整数类型。</td></tr>
<tr><td>16</td><td><b>ToUInt64</b><br>把类型转换为 64 位无符号整数类型。</td></tr>
</table>
<p>下面的实例把不同值的类型转换为字符串类型：</p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例</h2> 
<div class="example_code">

<span style="color: #05a; font-weight: bold;">namespace</span> TypeConversionApplication<br />
<span style="color: #008000;">&#123;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">class</span> StringConversion<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #008000;">&#123;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #05a; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">void</span> Main<span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">string</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#91;</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#93;</span> args<span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #008000;">&#123;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">int</span> i <span style="color: #008000;">=</span> <span style="color: Maroon;">75</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">float</span> f <span style="color: #008000;">=</span> 53<span style="color: #008000;">.</span>005f<span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">double</span> d <span style="color: #008000;">=</span> <span style="color: Maroon;">2345.7652</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #6666cc; font-weight: bold;">bool</span> b <span style="color: #008000;">=</span> <span style="color: #05a; font-weight: bold;">true</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Console<span style="color: #008000;">.</span><span style="color: #05a;">WriteLine</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span>i<span style="color: #008000;">.</span><span style="color: #05a;">ToString</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Console<span style="color: #008000;">.</span><span style="color: #05a;">WriteLine</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span>f<span style="color: #008000;">.</span><span style="color: #05a;">ToString</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Console<span style="color: #008000;">.</span><span style="color: #05a;">WriteLine</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span>d<span style="color: #008000;">.</span><span style="color: #05a;">ToString</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Console<span style="color: #008000;">.</span><span style="color: #05a;">WriteLine</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span>b<span style="color: #008000;">.</span><span style="color: #05a;">ToString</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Console<span style="color: #008000;">.</span><span style="color: #05a;">ReadKey</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #008000;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #008000;">;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #008000;">&#125;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: #008000;">&#125;</span><br />
<span style="color: #008000;">&#125;</span><br />

</div>
</div>
<p>当上面的代码被编译和执行时，它会产生下列结果：</p>
<pre class="result">
75
53.005
2345.7652
True
</pre>
<p>在进行类型转换时需要注意以下几点：</p>

<ul><li>隐式转换只能将较小范围的数据类型转换为较大范围的数据类型，不能将较大范围的数据类型转换为较小范围的数据类型；</li><li>显式转换可能会导致数据丢失或精度降低，需要进行数据类型的兼容性检查；</li><li>对于对象类型的转换，需要进行类型转换的兼容性检查和类型转换的安全性检查。</li></ul>			<!-- 其他扩展 -->
						
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    <span class="mw-headline" id="qa_headline">7  篇笔记</span>
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<div id="postcomments"  style="display:none;" >
	<ol class="commentlist">
		<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-1220"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jennis</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;jen***tian@gmail.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-1220" data-commid = "1220" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">92</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-1220"><h2>隐式转换和显式转换
</h2>
<p>

隐式转换：C# 默认的以安全方式进行的转换。本质是从小存储容量数据类型自动转换为大存储容量数据类型，从派生类转换为基类。
</p>
<p>
实例：</p><pre>
namespace TypeConvertion
{   class Class1
    {

    }

    class Class2 : Class1 //类Class2是类Class1的子类
    {

    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int inum = 100;
            long lnum = inum; // 进行了隐式转换，将 int 型（数据范围小）数据转换为了 long 型（数据范围大）的数据
            Class1 c1 = new Class2(); // 这里也是隐式转换，将一个新建的 Class2 实例转换为了其基类 Class1 类型的实例 C1
        }
    }
}
</pre>
<p>
显式转换：通过用户使用预定义的函数显式完成的，显式转换需要强制转换运算符。
</p><p>转换类型的范围大小和从属关系和隐式转换相反。显式转换可能会导致数据出错，或者转换失败，甚至无法编译成功。</p><p>
实例：</p><pre>
double dnum = 100.1;
int ifromd = (int)dnum; //double类型显式转换转为int类型


Class1 c11 = new Class1();
Class2 c22 = c11 as Class2; //使用as进行显式转换
Console.WriteLine(c22 is Class1);
Console.WriteLine(c22 is Class2);
</pre><p>
运行结果：</p><pre>
FALSE
FALSE</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">Jennis</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jennis</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;jen***tian@gmail.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2017-03-06)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-10804"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xity</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;xit***q.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-10804" data-commid = "10804" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">78</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-10804">
<p><b>类型之间的转换 - Convert 和 Parse</b></p>
<pre>
string locstr = 123.ToString();

//如果要将"locstr"转成整型数

//方法一: 用 Convert 
int i = Convert.ToInt16(locstr);

//方法二: 用 Parse
int ii = int.Parse(locstr);
</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">xity</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xity</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;xit***q.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2017-04-07)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-13301"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mmdream</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;404***450@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-13301" data-commid = "13301" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">88</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-13301"><pre>int.TryParse(string s,out int i)
</pre><p>
该方式也是将数字内容的字符串转换为int类型，但是该方式比int.Parse(string s) 好一些，它不会出现异常，最后一个参数result是输出值，如果转换成功则输出相应的值，转换失败则输出0。
</p><pre>
class test
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        string s1="abcd";
        string s2="1234";
        int a,b;
        bool bo1=int.TryParse(s1,out a);
        Console.WriteLine(s1+" "+bo1+" "+a);
        bool bo2=int.TryParse(s2,out b);
        Console.WriteLine(s2+" "+bo2+" "+b);
    }
}
</pre><p>
结果输出：
</p><pre>
abcd False 0
1234 True 1234</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">mmdream</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mmdream</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;404***450@qq.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2017-06-25)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-24520"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;代码小白</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;dre***w@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-24520" data-commid = "24520" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">69</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-24520"><p>C# 中对 double 类型的数据取整，可以使用 <span class="marked">convert.toint32()</span> 方法，也可使用 int 强制转换为整数，使用 int 时并不存在四舍五入的情况，而是直接将后面的小数位数丢掉。比如:</p>
<pre>class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        double a = 1.35;
        double b = 1.65;
        int a1 = Convert.ToInt32(a);
        int a2 = (int)(a);
        int b1 = Convert.ToInt32(b);
        int b2 = (int)(b);
        Console.WriteLine("{0}使用convert方法转化的结果为：{1}",a,a1);
        Console.WriteLine("{0}使用int强制转换的结果为：{1}",a,a2);
        Console.WriteLine("{0}使用convert方法转化的结果为：{1}", b, b1);
        Console.WriteLine("{0}使用int强制转换的结果为：{1}", b, b2);
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}</pre>

<p>程序运行结果如下：</p>

<pre>1.35使用convert方法转化的结果为：1
1.35使用int强制转换的结果为：1
1.65使用convert方法转化的结果为：2
1.65使用int强制转换的结果为：1</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">代码小白</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;代码小白</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;dre***w@qq.com</p></div></span>5年前 (2018-03-02)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-25316"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;埃里克</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;306***6105@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-25316" data-commid = "25316" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">131</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-25316"><h2>Convert.ToInt32() 与 int.Parse() 的区别
</h2>
<p>没搞清楚 <span class="marked">Convert.ToInt32</span> 和 <span class="marked">int.Parse()</span> 的细细微区别时千万别乱用，否则可能会产生无法预料的结果，举例来说：假如从 url 中取一个参数 page 的值，我们知道这个值是一个 int，所以即可以用 <span class="marked">Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["page"])</span>，也可以用 <span class="marked">int.Parse(Request.QueryString["page"])</span>，但是如果 page 这个参数在 url 中不存在，那么前者将返回 0，0 可能是一个有效的值，所以你不知道 url 中原来根本就没有这个参数而继续进行下一下的处理，这就可能产生意想不到的效果，而用后一种办法的话没有 page 这个参数会抛出异常，我们可以捕获异常然后再做相应的处理，比如提示用户缺少参数，而不是把参数值当做 0 来处理。 </p>

<p>(1) 这两个方法的最大不同是它们对 null 值的处理方法： <span class="marked">Convert.ToInt32(null)</span> 会返回 0 而不会产生任何异常，但 <span class="marked">int.Parse(null)</span> 则会产生异常。 </p>

<p>(2) 对数据进行四舍五入时候的区别 </p>
<ul><li>
<strong>a.</strong> Convert.ToInt32(double value) 如果 value 为两个整数中间的数字，则返回二者中的偶数；即 3.5 转换为 4，4.5 转换为 4，而 5.5 转换为 6。不过 4.6 可以转换为 5，4.4 转换为 4 。</li><li>
<strong>b.</strong> int.Parse("4.5") 直接报错:<strong>"输入字符串的格式不正确"</strong>。</li><li>
<strong>c.</strong> int(4.6) = 4 Int 转化其他数值类型为 Int 时没有四舍五入，强制转换。</li></ul>

<p>(3) 对被转换类型的区别 <span class="marked">int.Parse</span> 是转换 String 为 int, <span class="marked">Convert.ToInt32</span> 是转换继承自 Object 的对象为 int 的(可以有很多其它类型的数据)。你得到一个 object 对象, 你想把它转换为 int, 用 <span class="marked">int.Parse</span> 就不可以, 要用 <span class="marked">Convert.ToInt32</span>。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">埃里克</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;埃里克</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;306***6105@qq.com</p></div></span>5年前 (2018-03-21)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-25464"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yjcyd</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;519***142@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-25464" data-commid = "25464" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">138</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-25464"><p><strong>浅谈 string 转 int 与抛异常</strong></p>

<p>string 字符串类型和 int 也是可以转换的。下一行的代码给出错误的转换方法。</p>

<pre>string a = "123";  // 将a设置为字符串&ldquo;123&rdquo;
int x = (int) a;   // 转换</pre>

<p>上述代码，毋庸置疑，肯定是错误的。VS 在编译时就过不了。那么，string 该怎么转换成 int 呢？</p>

<p>这里，我们需要用到 int.Parse()，核心代码为：</p>

<pre>string a = "123";     // 将a设置为字符串&ldquo;123&rdquo;
int x = int.Parse(a); // 转换</pre>

<p>如果仅仅是这样，是没有问题的，但是，我们下面再来做一个实例。</p>

<p>用户输入一个数字，而电脑将计算出这个数字加上1以后的答案，并且显示出来。</p>

<p>用户输入的东西，即 <span class="marked">Console.ReadLine()</span> ，一定是以字符串形式表现的。</p>

<p>于是，运用之前的方法，我们可以写出以下的代码：</p>

<pre>class 测试
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("输入数字，将计算出它加一的答案");
        int a = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());  //转换用户输入的数字
        Console.WriteLine("答案是{0}",++a);     //++a 即 a+1 后的那个数，将它输出出来
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}</pre>
<p>当程序运行时，会出现：</p>

<pre>输入数字，将计算出它加一的答案
3
答案是4</pre>
<p>这样就很完美了吗？不！！</p>

<p>如果用户输入并非数字的其他字符，如汉字，会发生什么情况？</p>

<p>此时，用户输入 <span class="marked">王</span> ，显然，程序将无法继续运行下去，因为int类型只能存整数，不能存字符。</p>

<p>这时，程序就会抛出异常。</p>

<p>如果用 VS 编，你还会看到异常类型：FormatException。</p>

<p>所以，为了保险，可以用try、catch来解决此问题。核心代码为：</p>

<pre>try
{
               
}
catch (Exception)
{
                
}</pre>
<p>try 在英语中就是尝试的意思。在这段代码中，try{} 部分，顾名思义，也就是去尝试进行下面的代码。catch{} 部分，则是检测异常。这样，在出现异常时，catch 就能捕获到异常，从而程序并不会停止。</p>

<p>则这段程序，完整的代码应该为：</p>

<pre>using System;
class 测试
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        try
        {
           Console.WriteLine("输入数字，将计算出它加一的答案");
           int a = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());   //有可能会抛出异常
           Console.WriteLine("答案是{0}",++a);   //如果没有异常，程序才会进入这一步
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("无法转换");  //如果捕获到异常，就说&ldquo;无法转换&rdquo;
        }
         Console.ReadKey();
    }
}</pre>
<p>这样，如果我输入了 <span class="marked">王</span> ，程序结果为：</p>

<pre>无法转换</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">yjcyd</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yjcyd</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;519***142@qq.com</p></div></span>5年前 (2018-03-25)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-43469"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;crespo</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;wq6***522@163.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/leolis/p/3968943.html">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-43469" data-commid = "43469" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">61</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-43469"><p><strong>1）</strong>对于转换对象，Convert.ToInt32() 可以为多种类型（例出数字类型外 bool，DateTime 等），int.TryParse() 和 int.Parse() 只能是整型字符串类型（即各种整型 ToString() 之后的形式，不能为浮点型，否则 int.Parse() 就会出现输入的字符串格式不正确的错误，int.TryParse() 也会返回 false，输出参数为 0 ，(int)只能是数字类型（例 float,int,uint等）；</p>

<p><strong>2）</strong>对于空值 NULL，从运行报错的角度讲，(int) 强制转换和 int.Parse() 都不能接受 NULL；Convert.ToInt32() 其实是在转换前先做了一个判断，参数如果为 NULL，则直接返回 0，否则就调用 int.Parse() 进行转换，int.TryParse() 其实是对 int.Parse() 做了一个异常处理，如果出现异常则返回 false，并且将输出参数返回 0；</p>

<p><strong>3）</strong>针对于浮点型的取舍问题，浮点型只有 Convert.ToInt32() 和 (int) 能进行转换，但是也是进行取舍了的，Convert.ToInt32() 采取的取舍是进行四舍五入，而 (int) 则是截取浮点型的整数部分，忽略小数部分，例如 Convert.ToInt32(1.499d) 和 (int)1.499d 都返回 1，Convert.ToInt32(1.5d) 返回 2，而 (int)1.5d 还是返回 1；</p>

<p><strong>4）</strong>关于溢出，将大的数据类型转换为小的数据类型时 Convert.ToInt32() 和 int.Parse() 都会报溢出错误，值对于 Int32 太大或太小，而 (int) 不报错，但是返回值为 -1。</p>

<p>如此可见，我们在进行数据转换前选择转换方法要谨慎，如果是数字类型可以考虑直接用(int)强制转换，如果是整型字符串类型的，考虑用 int.Parse() 进行转换，如果不是这两种类型，再考虑用 Convert.ToInt32() 进行转换。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">crespo</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;crespo</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;wq6***522@163.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/leolis/p/3968943.html">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div></span>4年前 (2019-06-09)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
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